![]() ![]() By 1981 the diameter of Anak Krakatau was reported to be about 2,000 m, with the highest elevation at about 200 m above sea level. Changes in height were accompanied by enlargement of the island’s area. This new island, with an elevation of 9 m in 1930, grew relatively quickly in the first decade of its existence, to 67 m in 1933, and 132 m by 1941 and subsequently to 170 m by 1966. Eventually the growth speed of the volcano exceeded the wave-cut erosion and emerged in 1930, piled up from an ocean floor of over 100 m depth, forming islands of cinder and lava covering more than 2 km 2 in area. It was formed both by volcanic activity and wave-cut erosion. Indonesia is the biggest archipelagic state in the world and also a “volcano country”, most of the islands there have been constructed by volcanoes, for example, Anak Krakatau is called Krakatoa’s son. This situation also happens in Iceland and Reunion. With continuous oceanic volcano eruptions and magma pouring into the ocean constructing islands, the young Hawaiian Islands keep growing. ![]() The Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean are a typical example of islands constructed by volcanoes. ![]() Locations of the volcanic islands referred to in the article ![]()
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